Jaundice ( In Hindi ) occurs when there is a buildup of bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that forms when red blood cells break down. Normally, the liver processes and excretes bilirubin, but if the liver is unable to do so efficiently, it can lead to jaundice. There are several reasons why this may happen:

1. Excessive Breakdown of Red Blood Cells: Conditions that cause an increased breakdown of red blood cells, such as hemolytic anemia, can result in elevated bilirubin levels.

2. Liver Diseases: Liver diseases, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis, can impair the liver's ability to process bilirubin.

3. Obstruction of Bile Ducts: If the bile ducts are blocked or obstructed, bilirubin cannot be properly excreted, leading to jaundice. This can be caused by gallstones, tumors, or other conditions.

4. Infections: Infections affecting the liver, such as viral hepatitis (hepatitis A, B, C, etc.), can cause jaundice.



5. Genetic Conditions: Certain genetic conditions can affect the normal processing of bilirubin in the liver, leading to jaundice.

6. Medications: Some medications or drugs can interfere with the normal functioning of the liver and contribute to jaundice.

7. Newborn Jaundice: In newborns, jaundice is relatively common and is often a result of the immature liver's inability to process bilirubin efficiently.



Symptoms of jaundice include yellowing of the skin and eyes, dark-colored urine, and pale-colored stools. The underlying cause of jaundice needs to be diagnosed and treated by a healthcare professional based on the specific circumstances of the individual.


Jaundice causes


Jaundice is caused by an accumulation of bilirubin in the body. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced during the breakdown of red blood cells. When the liver cannot process or excrete bilirubin effectively, it can result in jaundice. Several conditions and factors can contribute to the development of jaundice: 1. Hemolytic Anemia: Increased destruction of red blood cells can overwhelm the liver's ability to process bilirubin. 2. Liver Diseases: - Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections (hepatitis A, B, C, etc.). - Cirrhosis: Chronic liver disease characterized by scarring of liver tissue, impairing its function. 3. Bile Duct Obstruction: - Gallstones: Hardened deposits in the gallbladder or bile ducts can obstruct the flow of bile and lead to jaundice. - Tumors: Growths or tumors in the liver or bile ducts can block the normal flow of bile. 4. Liver Infections: - Malaria: In some cases, severe malaria can cause jaundice due to the destruction of red blood cells. - Septicemia: Severe bacterial infections can affect the liver and contribute to jaundice. 5. Genetic Conditions: - Gilbert's Syndrome: A genetic disorder that affects bilirubin processing. - Crigler-Najjar Syndrome: A rare genetic condition that impairs the liver's ability to process bilirubin.


6. Alcoholic Liver Disease: Chronic alcohol abuse can lead to liver inflammation and damage, contributing to jaundice. 

7. Medications: Certain medications or drugs can affect liver function and cause jaundice as a side effect.
 
8. Newborn Jaundice: Common in newborns due to an immature liver, but usually resolves on its own.

The specific cause of jaundice varies, and a healthcare professional will conduct tests and examinations to determine the underlying condition. Treatment depends on addressing the root cause of jaundice. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of jaundice, it's crucial to seek medical attention for proper diagnosis and management.